| 1. | There is a common maritime adventure when one or more vessels are towing or pushing another vessel or vessels , provided that they are all involved in commercial activities and not in a salvage operation
如果船舶拖带或顶推其他船舶而它们都从事商业活动而不是救助作业，则处于同一航程之中。 |
| 2. | When a ship is intentionally run on shore for the common safety , whether or not she might have been driven on shore , the consequent loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure shall be allowed in general average
船舶无论是否势必搁浅，如果为了共同安全有意搁浅，因此所造成的共同航程中的财产的损失应认作共同海损。 |
| 3. | All parties claiming in general average shall give notice in writing to the average adjuster of the loss or expense in respect of which they claim contribution within 12 months of the date of the termination of the common maritime adventure
所有提出共同海损索赔的关系方应于共同航程终止后十二个月内将要求分摊的损失或费用书面通知海损理算师。 |
| 4. | A vessel is not in common peril with another vessel or vessels if by simply disconnecting from the other vessel or vessels she is in safety ; but if the disconnection is itself a general average act the common maritime adventure continues
如果一艘船舶只要脱离其他船舶便能获得安全，则同其他船舶不处于共同的危险之中，但如果脱离本身是共同海损行为，则共同航程继续存在。 |
| 5. | There is a general average act when , and only when , any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure
只有在为了共同安全，使同一航程中的财产脱离危险，有意而合理地做出特殊牺牲或支付特殊费用时，才能构成共同海损行为。 |
| 6. | Expenditure incurred by the parties to the adventure on account of salvage , whether under contract or otherwise , shall be allowed in general average to the extent that the salvage operations were undertaken for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in the common maritime adventure
航程中各有关方所支付的救助费用，不论救助是否根据契约进行，都应认入共同海损，但以使在同一航程中的财产脱离危险而进行的救助为限。 |
| 7. | Loss of or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure by or in consequence of a sacrifice made for the common safety , and by water which goes down a ship ' s hatches opened or other opening made for the purpose of making a jettison for the common safety , shall be allowed as general average
为了共同安全做出牺牲或其后果和为了共同安全进行抛弃而开舱或打洞以致进水，造成共同航程中的财产的损失，应作为共同海损受到补偿。 |
| 8. | Loss of or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure by or in consequence of a sacrifice made for the common safety , and by water which goes down a ship ' s hatches opened or other opening made for the purpose of making a jettison for the common safety , shall be made good as general average
为了共同安全做出牺牲或其后果和为了共同安全进行抛弃而开舱或打洞以致进水，造成共同航程中的财产的损失，应作为共同海损受到补偿。 |
| 9. | When a ship is ashore and cargo and ship ' s fuel and stores or any of them are discharged as a general average act , the extra cost of lightening , lighter hire and reshipping ( if incurred ) , and any loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure in consequence thereof , shall be allowed as general average
作为共同海损行为而卸下搁浅船舶的货物、船用燃料和物料时，其减载、租用驳船和重装（如果发生）的额外费用和由此造成共同航程中的财产的任何灭失或损坏，都应认作共同海损。 |
| 10. | When a ship is ashore and cargo and ship ' s fuel and stores or any of them are discharged as a general average act , the extra cost of lightening , lighter hire and reshipping ( if incurred ) , and any loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure in consequence thereof , shall be admitted as general average
作为共同海损行为而卸下搁浅船舶的货物、船用燃料和物料时，其减载、租用驳船和重装（如果发生）的额外费用和由此造成共同航程中的财产的任何灭失或损坏，都应认作共同海损。 |
